Hamlet's Failure as a Leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hamlets Failure as a Leader - Essay ExampleIn order to be a great leader, it is exacting that a king displays confidence in his own self. Hamlet lacks this quality from the very beginning when he immediately over-thinks the request, by his mother, to stay in Denmark. He puts his own desires out to obey her, still then he over-analyzes his life instead of believing that he has made the right choice Oh, that this too, too sullied manikin would melt, Thaw, and resolve itself into a dew, Or that the Everlasting had not fixed His conongainst self-slaughter O God, God How weary, stale, flat and useless Seem to me tout ensemble the uses of this world (1.2.130) Hamlet shows that he is not strong enough to execute his successful plan for his life, thus showing a lack of value in himself. Furthermore, once he does restrain the closing to stay, he feels sorry for himself instead of being confident and devising a new plan. As a responsible leader, Hamlet should have carefully weighed t he merits and demerits of staying in Denmark, and should have stayed confident with whatever decision he thus made. If he later found that decision inappropriate, he should have left Denmark straight off kinda than regretting. His philosophizing again takes over when a ghost appears to him revealing how Claudius had murdered the King. Hamlet casts diversion his own beliefs and concerns and only thinks about what his father, in the form of a ghost, has told him. Hamlet is from himself be taken forth (5.2.220) as madness overpowers his moral beliefs. It is not a character marked by strength of depart or even of passion, but by refinement of thought and sentiment (Hazlitt, 1819). Hamlet is a philosophical character who possesses the determination to concentrate his thoughts and come up with a plan of action necessary to master results but his over-thinking habit hinders his ability to carry out the necessary actions. This quality is shown in the following lines in Act 1 Scene 5 Y ea, from the table of my memory Ill wipe away every last(predicate) trivial fond records, All saws of books, all forms, all pressures past That youth and observation copied there, And thy commandment all al unmatched shall live Within the book and volume of my brain, Unmixed with baser matter (1.5.106). When Hamlet speaks these words, he casts aside his Christian morals, in order to avenge his fathers death. Although this could show strength, yet Hamlet lacks the leave behind power to convert these thoughts and plans into actions. He sets out to avenge the death of his father, against all his beliefs of right and wrong as dictated to him by his Christian values. However, if he really didnt care, he should have killed Claudius immediately rather than waiting to collect evidence to be sure that Claudius is the culprit. His constant thinking and planning shows that Hamlet lacks one of the most vital qualities of a true leader the commitment and determination of following through on p lans and goals in order to achieve solid results. A final flaw that Hamlet displays is his indecisiveness as he wastes time going back and forth between what he should and should not do. In seek to get revenge on his Uncle, Hamlet struggles with his inability to act Now whether it be , Bestial absolution ,or some craven scruple, of thinking too precisely on th event - A thought which , quarterd , hath but one

Art and Its Political Messages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Art and Its Political Messages - Essay ExampleArt and Its Political Messages In his motion-picture show about the bad government, crime is way out of control and the peopleroama collapsing city. On the side, people in the countryside experience drought.In the disciplinedone by artist Brunelleschi, the Duomo of Florence is now the scrapeof Florence this is the talleststructureand it illustrates availability ofwealthand thepublicpride of the mostinfluentialfamilies in town, in the prison term of revival (Jane 9). Leonardo, in order tolocatethe woman in hispaintingwith ease, utilise thedesignof a pyramid.In the portrait, the hands thatare foldedshapethe pyramids front corner. The light ensures that thedifferentlivingsurfaces are not only given the significant geometrical spheres, but also given theunderlyingcircles. Leonardo used a system that looks easy while creating his figure of the seated female, which entailed the widespread images of the seated Madonna. He suddenly modified the technique so as to form a clear visual impression successfully in relation to the distance between the woman seated and the person who observes the chair armrest also becomes an division that creates division between the person viewing and the woman seated.During the Italian revival, new methods developed in the sectors of painting, monuments and architecture. Figures butt on feelings in their movement and expressions on their face. The magnificence of the homo structure exposes itself, as it happened in the traditional Greeks, stark naked as the form of art. In naturalism, the artistsputmore attention on exposing thesignificanceof nature. In the guile of oil paint, apart from tempera or wet plaster which is easy todry, there is theintroductionof blend regions and theusageof silhouette. Using canvas as amediumwhen painting with oil, the artist were able to unitecolor,createa vapor, andperformtheirworkfor a longerdurationand with more effectiveness (Jane 10). antiquity Ita lian revival was amongst the significant, useful age, with great figures ofexceptionalmasters to be established in various(a)centers and every keyfields work of art,sculptureand structural design. In the revival, there was a closerelationbetween art and science. Artists and scientists mutually struggled tomasterthesubstantialenvironment and theskillof work of art profited by the two sectors ofstudythatwas termedas scientific structure of man, which represented thebodyofhumanin a remarkably accurate manner, and on a mathematical perception (Jane 16). Formerly, painters had accomplished this attemptbyexperimentalways, but theinventionof a mathematicaltechniqueof achieving a three-dimensional conceptionis accreditedto Brunelleschi in almost 1420. Since then, the system could bethoroughlypremeditatedand explained, and it resulted to the significant mechanisms of artists, more particularlypainters, in theirsearchof reality. The people who were both scientists and artists were Leonardo da Vinci and Piero della Francesca. We are uncertain whether these people would arrive at comprehendedourdissimilarityinvolving science and art. Giotto is amongst the recognized figures in

Why did the suffragette movement in London turn violent in 1908 Essay

Why did the suffragette movement in London turn waste in 1908 - Essay ExampleThe Daily Mail in London, on 10th January 1906, used the explicate suffragette to identify those women who espouse the method of action and violence in their campaign for their business to vote. Suffragists was used for those women who adopted peaceful and conventional methods in their campaign.Although the women had been fighting for their right to vote ever since the 1860s, the movement gained its momentum on a lower floor the leadership of Emmeline Pankhurst and her two daughters Christabel and Sylvia. The Pankhursts established the Womens Social and Political Union (WSPU) in 1903. According to June Purvis (2003), Emmeline was travel by the plight of women in poverty. She believed that the only way the women could gain their rights in the society was through the right to vote. As June Purvis (2003) writes, Emmeline believed that women.. had to form their own independent movement if the vote was to be won and to find unseasoned ways of breathing life into the womens suffrage campaign. Pankhurst disagreed with the ways of the NUWSS led by Millicent Garrett Fawcett. NUWSS had adopted peaceful and ladylike conventional methods of campaigning and also recruited men for various positions. According to Purvis (2003), Emmeline was convinced that a uninfected approach was needed and that women had to do the work themselves. This led to the formation of the WSPU. It was made clear that the WSPU would be several(predicate) from the NUWSS. They pledged to limit the membership to women only and to be satisfied with nothing but action. As Purvis (2003) writes, Deeds, not words was adopted as the main motto of the WSPU.

Transgender and feminism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Transgender and womens lib - Essay ExampleThat said, one nonices that diversity indicates strength, non weaknesses. Despite polarization and fragmentation, no force can nullify inclusive coalition politics (Connell, 2012). This stem will talk about transgender, with transgender feminists being marginalized from the mainstream of the womens movement. It will then explain family between transgender and feminism.Transgender individuals present been subject to extended scrutiny. Feminist literature is among the examination of these individuals. These literatures are the first to expose the antagonistic relationship between feminism and transgender individuals (Riley, 2015). A study by Butler (2010), defined transgender as those who gender identity, expression, or behavior is different from those typically associated with their assigned sex at birth (Butler, 2010, pp 2). Every time the transgender feminists, who had been antecedently silenced, begin to speak out, some feminists beg in to rethink on what they stand for or who they represent. In numerous cases, the idea of rethinking by feminists leads to the painful realization of their biases. However, in the end, the feminists would have widened their perspectives and constituency (Butler, 2010). Studies indicate that, feminists movements that have expanded their views are encouraging transgender individuals to take part in the feminist revolution (Connell, 2012 Riley, 2015). This expands the scope of their movement.The feminism movement form by transgender individuals is called transfeminism as noted in the study by Koyama (2001). In the past, trans-men have contributed significantly to feminism than trans-women. Experts believe that is important for more trans-women to participate in feminism movements in order to increase the destiny of liberating the women (Koyama, 2001).Many people think that transfeminism is in place to take over the existing feminist institutions. However, this is not possible becaus e

Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Operations Management - Essay ExampleHonda Motor Company, Ltd. was initiated in 1948 with its head-office in Japan. Takanobu Ito currently serves as the president and chief executive officer (CEO) and the company enjoys a total of ?86 billion as its capital. The main products of the company are automobiles as well as motorcycles along with power products. The total sum of money of existing employees including its 378 international subsidiaries is 187094 (Honda Motor Co., Ltd, 2012). This Japanese multinational corporation is the producer of automobiles as well as motorcycles. The corporation was the first to provide a luxury brand of car namely Acura. The operations jitney of the corporation is required to goodly plan all the activities in order to make future decisions. The proviso edge reads to be properly organized to ensure proper delegation of the tasks that are think to be performed. Discussion Supply chain of Honda The ultimate goal of Honda Motor Company is to boost u p the sales by increasing the efficiency of the company in different sectors which are research and ontogeny (R&D) as well as manufacturing process. Supply Chain Management (SCM) is the technique of enhancing the performance of companies. The process of SCM is know to facilitate the company in terms of performing all the activities effectively for manufacturing products which would be able to reward the demands of the customers. The strain or resources of the company should be maintained in a successful manner. SCM is the method of organise the process of intersection, location, transportation as well as inventory to manufacture products which are to be offered in the market. Honda needs to suppose plans with regard to five different areas for increasing the effectiveness of its production process. The five areas which are to be improved are as follows (Stevenson, n.d.). Production The company needs to manufacture products in congruity with the need of the market and the prod ucts should be competent of satisfying the customers which would further help Honda to enhance its market share. The production process needs to be appropriately structured in order to enhance the capacity of the ground as well as control the quality of the products along with maintaining the equipments used in the production process (Stevenson, n.d.). Inventory The inventories or stocks of the company require being properly organized to sustain a proper and smooth flow of materials as well as reduce the cost of holding stocks. Therefore, it is required to formulate methods which will help in maintaining an optimal level of inventory (Stevenson, n.d.). Location The production plant or facility should be located in a place which would be deemed to be effective for carrying out the production process as well as storing inventory. Manufacturing of the products should be performed in an efficient manner and the inventory should be stored in a place which would be easier in terms of ac cessing the materials at the time of need in the production process (Stevenson, n.d.). Transportation The material or resources required for manufacturing products should be procured with the help of compound means of transportation. An appropriate form of transportation system should be used for procuring materials which would prove to be equal enough for the production process and prevent storing huge amount of stocks to minimize the storage expenses of the

Water- soluble vitamin Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Water- soluble vitamin - Coursework ExampleDevelopment of the bones is likewise affected and renal stones can also result due to vitamin c toxicity.Answer 2. Thiamin forms an essential component of the metabolic pathways of carbohydrates and it functions actively in the form of thiamin pyrophosphate in the metabolic processes including glycolysis, krebs cycle and the hexose monophosphate shunt. Riboflavin exists in the form of FAD and FMN and assists in energy generation from the carbohydrates, proteins as well as fats via the Krebs cycle as well as the negatron transport chain. Niacin functions in the form of NAD and NADP and it is essential for up to two 100 reactions in the human body out of which the major reactions are the dehydrogenase ones. For proteins, it works for their modification following explanation and for carbohydrates it assists in the reactions of glycolysis. Vitamin b6 exists mainly as pyridoxal phosphate and its main function is tin the biochemical renewing of one type of amino acid to another one.Answer 3. Beri beri which results due to thiamin deficiency is a overserious condition because it affects the major systems of the body including the central nervous system, the cardiovascular system and the musculoskeletal system. Its results in an increase in heart size and in nervous system issues like convulsions. It also results in reduced tone in the muscles. Pellagra which is a deficiency disorder of niacin is also serious because it is characterized by loss of memory which may be irreversinle as well as severe disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract. Skin lesions are also present and in extreme cases the patients may die.Answer 4. Vegetarians are most likely to be at risk for the b vitamin deficiency diseases. This is because animal sources contain the b vitamins and only selected plant sources contain all of these vitamins. An example is vitamin b12 which is only present in the animal provender sources.Answer 5. Dementia

Cain and Abel After Eden,Fugitives and Pilgrims, A House Divided Essay

Cain and Abel after Eden,Fugitives and Pilgrims, A House Divided - Essay ExampleThis chapter describes the origin of the world as illustrated in the sacred scripture in the book of Genesis. The book 16 monitors the development of these cities from the time of Noah, to the time of Abraham. In later stages of this chapter, the attainment of the heavenly city from Abraham to Israels kings is illustrated.In book 18, Augustine explains the distinct and separate nature of the heavenly city and the earthly city as from Abrahams times to the worlds residue. The book also describes the actions of deliveryman Christ, and the sacred prophets who existed immediately after Romes foundation like Hosea, Isaiah, Amos and Micah. Book 19 describes the end of the earthly city and the heavenly city. Augustine studies the philosophers opinions on the supreme good, and the vain efforts they try to make for happiness in life. Augustine also illustrates the happiness and peace that is found in the heav enly city.Augustine illustrates in the urban center of God the Christianitys interaction with other different religions and philosophies and also the relationship of Christianity with the Roman government. Augustine consoled the Christians in the Roman Empire that the City of God is the most superior, and will eventually

Surface modification to control stem cell differentiation in vitro Essay

Surface accommodation to work stem electric cell distinction in vitro - Essay ExampleThe stem cells within a ontogenesis embryo good deal differentiate into all sorts of specialized cells (known as pluripotent cells), while they can also continue the normal turnover of revitalizing organs, such as skin, blood, or intestinal tissues (Keller, 1995). (National Institute of Health, 2001) It is getting more than and more app arent that stem cells are extensively sensitive to their surroundings and react to prompts rendered by, hardness in two (2D) and three-dimensional (3D), chemistry, topography and culture. Surface adaption involves changing the surface of an object by bringing chemical, biologic or physical characteristics distinct from those detected originally on the surface of that object. In biomaterials, the surface modification performs a substantial role in ascertaining the consequence of the interactions of biological-materials. The surface of a material can be customi zed by using a particular modification in the surface of material to improve adhesion, cell interactions and biocompatibility. Accordingly surface modification is critical in the designing and development of new medical devices and biomaterials. The teaching for the surface modification within the biomaterials is thus to continue the fundamental physical characteristics of a biomaterial while changing only the outmost surface to regulate the bio-interaction. In case such kind of surface modification is appropriately accomplished the functionality and mechanical properties of the device will remain unaffected, however, the bio-response associated to the device-tissue boundary will be play or improved. These surface modifications can be accomplished by utilizing mechanical, physiochemical or biological methods (Ratner, 2004). Objectives Stem cells are amazing cells, having both the abilities of differentiation to adult somatic cells and self-renewal in-vitro and in vivo. They posses s various characteristics and advantages that can be coupled with the surface modification techniques to revolutionise healthcare applications and drug development. Stem cells provide a legitimate and limitless furnish of physiologically applicable cells from formalized pathogen-free origins for practical applications like drug discovery, replacement therapies, toxicology studies and unsoundness modelling (Roy, 2010). (National Institute of Health, 2001) Controlling Stem Cell Differentiation and Lineage Commitment The eventual end of bioengineering of stem cells is to become able to recognize and perhaps control the lineage commitment and differentiation of stem cells in vitro. Once this objective is attained, a huge number of therapeutic applications can be visualized. For instance one such application could be the production of different kinds of neurons in order to transact the injuries of spinal cord, Alzheimers disease or Parkinsons disease. Similarly the development of the muscle cells of heart for patients who find suffered heart attacks can also be imagined. Moreover, the production of pancreatic cells relevant in the secretion of insulin-secreting can also be considered to treat those suffering from Diabetes (Type I), along with the production of stem cells of hair follicle to treat whatever specific kinds of baldness. Complete Organ Generation These bioengineering techniques could also

Environmental management article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Environmental management article - show ExampleState agencies have a lot bureaucratic approaches to water system resource conservation issues. From litigation to legislation, the bureaucracy has failed to solve the water needs of the residents. CALFED complements these structures in a way that simplifies accessibility and management of water resources. While governmental agencies and other non-governmental stakeholders battled out in courts and state senate about their overlapping mandates that make them clash, CALFED initiated modernistic practices that adaptively transformed the management of water resources. It brought new insights about complex adaptive thinking that can be used to make governance more lithe and perceptive to the needs of people (Booher & Innes, 2010).The dynamisms of this century take up issues that have overwhelmed the traditional government structures. Most of the decision-making processes are adversarial in a manner that emphasizes on raise representatio ns. With these challenges, adaptive complex thinking is the best way forward in any solution seeking society or organization. The style is more flexible thus providing specific solutions to specific problems. According to CALFEDs success story, there are five main features can define the Complex adaptive systems in any setting (Booher & Innes, 2010). They include a large number of interconnected agents, dynamic interactions with vast deepen of information, non-linear interactions, an open system behavior, and resilient system that maintains viability and is sustainably

Financial Performance Analysis of Fuller Smith and Turner Plc Group Essay

Financial Performance Analysis of well-lined Smith and food turner Plc Group - study ExampleIt is of great significance that the symmetrys must be benchmarked against a standard in order for them to own a meaning. Keeping that into account, the comparison is usually conducted in the midst of companies portraying same business and financial risks, between industries and between diffe accept time periods of the same society. The follow under conside proportionalityn is Fuller Smith and Turner Plc Group and in this report analysis of the financial performance of the company over two years has been conducted in order to draw attention to various financial trends and significant changes over the period. The analysis is dissever into three main categorize namely Profit mightiness, Liquidity and caravan. Profitability ratios identify how efficiently and effectively a company is utilizing its resources and how successful it has been in generating a desired rate of return for its sha reholders and investors. Liquidity ratios measure the ability of the company to quickly convert its asset into liquid cash to settle its short term liabilities. Whereas, the Gearing ratios identifies the extent to which the company is financed through and through debt and to what degree the operations are being conducted from the finance raised through raising equity capital or some otherwise. Profitability Ratios 2010 2009 Profitability Ratios Gross loot bound 67.85% 67.48% mesh topology profit margin 14.14% 9.90% ROCE 15.54% 10.56% Gross profit margin is an analyzing tool which assists in identifying how effectively and efficiently the company is utilizing its raw materials 1, variable cost related to labor and fixed costs such as rent and depreciation of property plant and equipment. The ratio is calculated by dividing the sales revenue by the crude profit for the year. If we analyze the gross profit margin of financial year 2010 we can only keep an eye on a marginal inc rease in the ratio as compared to the financial year 2009. During 2010 the revenue of Fuller Smith and Turner Plc has increased by 8.428% but connectively has also increased by 7.174% thus resulting in only marginal increase in the gross profit margin. Maintenance of gross profit ratio is quite commendable as the companies usually are not able to maintain such ratio due to price fluctuation in the raw materials and other factors related to production cost. Increase in revenue can be described due to several factors such as increase in per unit sales price, increase in customer base and increase in overall sales volume due to higher demand in the market. Net profit margin, on the other hatful analyzes the profitability of the company before deducting the taxation and finance charges from the earnings 2. The ratio is calculated by dividing the profit before interest and tax with the sales revenue of the current financial period. The ratio highlights how well the company is managing i ts selling and administrative expenses it also highlights the other income generated by the company during the course of its operations. The net profit margin of the company has shown considerable improvement as it has increased by 4.24% during the current financial year. The distribution and other administrative ex

Brain on Ted Radio Hour Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Brain on Ted Radio Hour - Assignment Examplefine beaches and very attractive scenery at their home areas, but they would still prefer to go holidaying in Hawai due to the comprehend value and fame associated with the brand. Most ladies, fashionistas and stores believe that certain clothing brands such as Prada are quality and so they should be expensive. Despite having another brand with the same type of material, the history of Prada and certain designs still gets them associated with severalise and car park amongst celebrities and the rich.In conclusion, I agree with the speaker that our beliefs determine our response to products. Such beliefs are what part a brand the value it receives in the market and lays the foundation that becomes the history upon which it is evaluated in future. I build my agreement with the speaker on the fact that the human brain mostly relates quality with what is trending or common rather than the utility of the product. This is proven by the comm on occurrence that whatever is expensive is always perceived to be of

The use of covert human information sources within an investigation Essay

The practice of covert human information sources within an investigation - Essay ExampleCHISs use different methods of superintendence to obtain intelligence or information from the targets such as interception of their communication, communications data, or directed and inquisitive surveillance (Freedom from Suspicion Surveillance Reform for a Digital Age, 2011, p.18). While directed surveillance does not involve any intrusion on ones private property, the latter involves the same and warrantor forces may use methods such as tapping of telephone, or fitting of electronic devices etc for surveillance of the premises. Law enforcement agencies overly use technology for collecting intelligence from their sources or targets. However, when a suspect is not actually gnarly in any complicity, the security forces come under criticism for violation of privacy. Human beings must cook the right to privacy and it is in the collective interest of all citizens to maintain a society in which personal privacy is protected (p.20). Therefore, the governments of nations have a responsibility to ensure that only in cases where the field security has a chance of being breached, they should endorse the use of CHIS. In the modern world, criminal activities, specially terrorism, have risen to such a utmost magnitude that countries are forced to implement compressed preventive policies for maintaining law and order. Under the scenario, the deployment of CHIS to obtain germane(predicate) intelligence has assumed considerable priority. This is especially germane(predicate) in the case of countries like the US, UK, India etc, which are vertex targets for terrorist groups as can be evidenced from the WTC, capital of the United Kingdom Bombings and Mumbai terror strikes.... In the modern world, criminal activities, especially terrorism, have risen to such a high magnitude that countries are forced to implement stringent preventive policies for maintaining law and order. Under t he scenario, the deployment of CHIS to obtain relevant intelligence has assumed considerable priority. This is especially relevant in the case of countries like the US, UK, India etc, which are prime targets for terrorist groups as can be evidenced from the WTC, London Bombings, and Mumbai terror strikes. On the other hand, as state earlier, countries also have a responsibility to ensure that the right to privacy of their citizens remains protected and no unwarranted intrusions occur on their private property or persons. Therefore, national governments in these countries need to do work utmost discretion while deploying CHIS for obtaining intelligence. On the other hand, the United Arab Emirates, a country in the shopping mall East, constitutionally protects prohibits any arbitrary interference with privacy, family, home or correspondence of their citizens.

Communicative maturity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Communicative maturity - Essay ExampleConcisely, all these varied aspects of my flavour have curved me into a mature and ambitious individual that impart be noteworthy and contributory in the life ahead. I have taken majors in Finance and Supply drawstring Management, and it is my highest desire to continue my lifelong learning process that inclined me to attend your Language School, one of the roughly credible institutions. Since few decades, experts have indicated rapid advancement in the wave of globalization, and it has now become really imperative to be aware of other speech communications and cultures, essential for personal, as well as collective ontogeny and progress. Since I know that I have passion for language, I can learn French language in an effective manner. During these years, I have been managed my life through effective management of my responsibilities towards family, work, and school activities. In addition, as an immigrant, I worked very hard to learn Eng lish that was essential to be a lot of American life. In this regard, English language allowed me to create relationships that I now enjoy and adore with my classmates, colleagues, and population around me. Moreover, English language enabled me to avail various opportunities in the United States that have now intensify my quality of living. It is very important that an individual should set realistic objectives, and my desire to involve myself in a long-learning process has resulted in my application for learning French language. In other words, this language program will open new avenues.

Human genetic engineering Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Human genetic engineering - Research make-up Examples of an organism and can either be positive or prejudicial where negative brings a subject up to par while positive modifies genetic material to bring it beyond normal limitations (171-175). However, it is important to note that amid ancestrys and hot debate regarding genetic engineering, it is ethical to use technology in particular cases including altering cells and DNA to minimize disease effects and combating other genetic disorders. This article provides argument regarding gracious genetic engineering.Biotechnology is the utilization of science and biology technology to alter the living or non-living materials for the production of knowledge, goods, services that are innovative and can improve peoples lives (Evans 44-48). It is a technology that uses living organisms to make superior products that meets intents greatest needs in a metric and regulated way and serving the needs of scientists. It is worth noting that bio technology has been in existence for quite a long time including preservation of dairy products and beer fermentation and forms a huge part of the daily life but it has now been to humans. According to Evans, biotechnology plays a major role in meeting humans daily needs through resource efficiency, food security as well as modification of human genes (44-48). Various things including increase in yields characterize biotechnology as well as offering built in protection against insect damage, prevention of soil erosion, and eventually reduce distress by increasing food security for a growing population (Gyngell 495-503). However, biotechnology has had serious effects on both human and enhanced climatic changes. Genetically modified humans and organisms are technologically altered through the process of modern biotechnology or gene technology. They are developed because they are perceived to super human who are capable of performing many things that cannot be performed by common per sons (Evans 52-59).It is important to note that human

Nora therapeutic nurse-patient relationship is cultural consideration Essay

Nora therapeutic nurse-patient relationship is cultural consideration - seek ExampleIn the case of Nora, the most important determinants of the therapeutic nurse-patient relationship would be cultural considerations and the genius of the nurse-patient rapport, which is dependent on effective communication. Communication between the nurse and the patients facilitates the transfer of information, concerns, queries and expectations between the two parties. If cognition regarding the disease course, the treatment modalities available, and the post-hospitalization course is transferred effectively to the patient, it can result in greater patient atonement as the patient is well informed about what to expect (McQueen, 2000). Moreover, it also enables the patients to develop their trust in the nurses and helps in mitigating any existing anxiety or stress on the part of the patient (Kirk, 2007). much(prenominal) communication can be achieved if the nurses posses effective communication s kills, such as displaying empathy, active listening and practice session of non-verbal gestures in order to make the patient comfortable and to establish a good rapport (Jasmine, 2009 Chant, Jenkinson, Randle, & Russell, 2002).

American Politics in the Context of Obama’s Election and First 100 Days Essay Example for Free

American Politics in the Context of Obamas Election and first-year one C Days EssayThe alternative of Barack Hussein Obama as the 44th President of the United States is a watershed in the history of American politics. In a country were blacks were once prohibited from select just because of the color of their skin, his ascent into the White House is indeed a milestone. Obamas victory is practically attributed to several factors, including changes in voting behavior and public opinion and constant media exposure.Popular support of his goernance did not end with the election hype a 2009 Associated Press-GfK poll revealed that about 48% of Americans were satisfied with the scotch outcomes of the Obama presidencys first 100 old age (Philstar. com n. pag. ). The rise of the Obama regime had a tremendous impact on American politics. It brought about the prospect of women and minorities gaining a greater voice in political institutions. besides Obamas first 100 days in office told a different story. His first 100 days revealed that the substance of his regime remained largely the same as that of George W. pubic hairs.This just goes to show that in the context of Obamas election and first 100 days, American politics changed its style but hold its hegemonic and elitist nature. Winning the nomination proved to be a greater challenge for Obama than winning the general elections. Because of a national political machine attached to her and her husband, Hillary Clinton was initially chosen by the Democrat Party to sprain its presidential candidate (Ceaser, Busch and Pitney 15). Although Obama was young, charismatic, cerebral and self-assured, the Democrats were apprehensive about his lack of experience in the political position (Ceaser, Busch and Pitney 16).This weakness would probably not sit well with the American electorate, who were desperate for a leader who could domesticate the damaging mistakes of the Republican administration (Ceaser, Busch and Pi tney 15). But shifts in the economic and demographic profile of American voters rendered Obama a much suitable presidential candidate than Clinton. As of 2004, about 56. 6% of American voters were below 30 years old (Dahl n. pag. ). Majority of these individuals grew up using the Internet as an indispensable tool for massage, information and leisure.When the Clintons staged their last national campaign in 1996, the Internet was just a fledgling industry. Obamas youth and tech savvy (he kept a Blackberry with him at all times), therefore, would make him more appealing to the aforementioned voters age group than Clinton (Ceaser, Busch and Pitney 106). Obama must have been aware of these advantages of his his election campaign involved mainly the utilization of the Internet. By April 2007, he already had 1,543,000 friends in his account in the social-networking website MySpace. com. In sharp contrast, Clinton only had 41,500 people in her network (Dupuis and Boeckelman 123).In the spring of 2008, Obama had at least 1 million friends in Twitter, while Clinton only had 330,000. Although they had the same number of Facebook friends during this period, the websites largest pro-Obama group had over 500,000 members, while the largest Facebook group that supported Clinton only had 30,000 members (Tapscott 252). Furthermore, Obamas rhetoric reflected the American publics disenchantment with traditional political ideologies. His slogan, Change You Can Believe In, appealed to voters because it did not bombard them with highfaluting dogmas.Rather, it showed them that change meant exploring for bare-ass solutions to problems. The American people did not have to make do with traditional solutions which Obama believed have already failed them in the past. For instance, he is constantly criticized for his relative youth and limited high-level government inexperience. Obama downplayed this attack by claiming that beam of light Cheney and Donald Rumsfeld have an awful lot of experience, and yet have engineered what I think is one of the biggest foreign polity failures in our recent history (Dupuis and Boeckelman 123).Through this argument, he pointed out that adherence to convention is not unceasingly the best for the nation. There are instances when the government and the people must work together and come up with new solutions. In addition, Obama created a firm connection between himself and the people by letting them go that he also underwent their plights. In his campaign speeches, he often used his experience as the son of a working woman and as the husband of a working woman in methodicalness to show to the people that he knew how it felt to be in their shoes (Leanne 52).He knew how it was to be poor, marginalized and to work hard just to keep ends meet. Thus, his cynicism towards conventional ideologies he and so many other Americans remained impoverished condescension their application. Given such a populist and down-to-earth campaign s trategy, it was no longer surprising if Obama won a landslide victory in the 2008 national elections. But his first 100 days in office revealed that his regime was essentially the same as that of George W. scrubs. Obamas first 100 days revealed the right-wing character of his administration and the class interests that it serves (Eley n.pag. ). If there was any difference at all, it was the approach Bush assumed a warmonger-like stance to obtain the presidency, while Obama adopted a populist one. Obama continued the Bush administrations militarist and aggressive foreign policy. Although he promised that he will all American troops out of Iraq, troop levels in Iraq remained virtually unchanged. Furthermore, Obama expanded the war in Afghanistan and even encompassing it to Pakistan. Worse, he proposed a defense budget worth $664 billion believed to be the largest appropriation for military expense in American history (Eley n. pag. ).The prison camp at Guantanamo Bay remains open, despite Obamas pledge to eventually close it down. As a result, its inmates are at risk of being shipped to US military prisons such as those in Iraq and Afghanistan, where they can be paroxysmd and or killed in secret. chthonian the guise of moving on, he blocked all investigations and or criminal prosecution of parties that were responsible for the torture of detainees in US military prisons across the world. Obamas government also intervened in the procedures of several judicature cases in order to deny habeas corpus to detainees in US military prisons in Afghanistan (Eley n.pag. ). While Obama was grumpy perpetuating Bushs foreign policy, the American economy further deteriorated. Mounting layoffs took place, along with wage cuts, foundation foreclosures and depreciation of real estate value and retirement savings. These developments, in turn, resulted in escalating hunger and homelessness. But kinda of creating concrete solutions to put an end to these calamities, the Oba ma administration used billions of dollars in public funds to bail fiscal institutions such as AIG, Lehman Brothers and Merrill Lynch out of bankruptcy.Worsening the situation was that these banks were discovered to have been doling out commodious portions of the bailout money to their executives as bonuses (Eley n. pag. ). It is very ironic that Obama, a black man who experienced growing up poor and marginalized, would end up perpetuating the repressive and anti-poor policies of his predecessor. But what Obama did reflected the recourse that the US most probably resorted to in order to steer itself from the economic crisis tighten its grip over the Third World.It is during the current economic crisis that the US needs unlimited access to the natural resources of the Third World more than ever before. Thus, the Obama administrations promise of change was replaced with the de facto continuation of the Bush regime. Works Cited AP Poll After Obamas 100 Days, US on Right Track. 24 Ap ril 2009. Philstar. com. 4 whitethorn 2009 http//www. philstar. com/Article. aspx? articleId=460799 publicationSubCategoryId=200. Ceaser, James W. , Andrew E. Busch, and John J. Pitney. Epic Journey The 2008 Elections and American Politics. New York Rowman Littlefield, 2009. Dahl, Melissa.Youth Vote May have been Key in Obamas Win. 5 November 2008. MSNBC. 4 May 2009 http//www. msnbc. com/id/27525497. Dupuis, Martin, and Keith Boeckelman. Barack Obama The New Face of American Politics. Santa Barbara Greenwood Publishing Group, 2008. Eley, Tom. Obamas 100 Days. 29 April 2009. GlobalResearch. ca. 4 May 2009 http//www. globalresearch. ca/index. php? context=vaaid=13419. Leanne, Shel. Say It Like Obama The Power of Speaking with Purpose and Vision. New York McGraw-Hill Professional, 2008. Tapscott, Don. Grown Up Digital How the Net Generation is changing Your World. New York McGraw-Hill Professional, 2008.

Cross-Cultural Health Perspectives Essay Example for Free

Cross-Cultural Health Perspectives EssayBreastfeeding practices around the terra firma atomic number 18 vastly different. There are countries who are active promoters of breastfeeding and others who seem to restitution the business less(prenominal) attitude. The diverse approaches to breastfeeding found between and within societies are largely based on cultural preferably than individual differences.For the purposes of this paper, relations between Iran and Australia concerning the act of breastfeeding will be looked at along with ideas of how to improve the gun trigger and eon judge and a discussion of the realises of increasing initial breastfeeding and continuing to do so for the health benefit of the child and mother. Presently, in Iran, breastfeeding is viewed as an openly society norm and it all stems from a religious footing in a rural that believes in the total care of an infant and who is willing to provide the most optimal care possible.It is interesting , that 100 percent of the infirmarys in Iran are in complete agreement and quest the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) as recommended by the terra firma Health Organization (WHO). Mothers are given free opportunities to attend antenatal classes and a lot of time and attention is placed on the initial bonding time as well as the 24 hour rooming in the hospital. Iran has in like manner taken the initiative to standardize their health education that is provided from medical staff to any literature and cooking that is provided to the mother and family.Specifically, mothers are educated on the adverse effects of man-made formulas and supplies that are not skillful to the children, which include the negative long term effects of using such products. Home and follow-up care is besides provided free of charge up to devil years of age where the health professionals reinforce straight breastfeeding, which greatly encourages the mothers to keep going. Working mothers are grante d four months of paid leave that is increasing to sixsome months in the near future. (Zaeeai, Obrien, Fallon, 2007).Australia in contrast, maintains inconsistencies in regards to breastfeeding. It is a country that has chosen not to adopt the World Health Organization program of the BFHI and therefore has an incredibly low rate of 4. 5 percent of the women who breastfeed. Fascinatingly, it is not the norm in Australia to be open about breastfeeding or to regular start and continue for the recommended two year length. The health professional opinions of breastfeeding are also inconsistent and are much different than Irans.They take the stance that breastfeeding provides no more benefit than using artificial means of feeding a child. With the professionals tenuous attitude it is no wonder that the country does not provide accessible and affordable antenatal classes to their mothers. During the hospital stay, alternative means of feeding the coddle are presented to the mother in a ddition to the non encouragement of rooming-in subsequently delivery and the avoidance of skin-to-skin contact with their babies.For the working mother, only 23 percent of the mothers are granted pregnancy leave which on average is a total of eight weeks. (Zaeeai, Obrien, Fallon, 2007). Improving the breast feeding initiation and duration rates for Iran, although they are very good, could be accomplished by increasing the positive feedback to the mothers for each one time they are seen to encourage them to keep it up the great work and remind them of the benefits they are providing their children and themselves.They could also be improved by increasing the media advertisements in communities such as billboards and educating high school and college students about the critical information. (Zaeeai, Obrien, Fallon, 2007). Initiation and duration rates for Australia could be improved by not taking the baby out of the room when the mother wants to rest in the hospital. Instead of en couraging the mother, adopt a hospital policy that all babies will room-in with the mother immediately after(prenominal) birth, because the 60 90 minutes after are the most critical to establishing the bond.Also, not having the alternative formulas available for the mothers when they ask for it. (Murphy Mullaly, 2009). It is a total mind modification that must take place within the medical community as well as in the country to make the change for the better to breastfeed babies. (Zaeeai, Obrien, Fallon, 2007). Developing a BFHI program in Australia would involve an entire country shift of thinking about breastfeeding. It would be a massive educational campaign with statistics, articles and advertisements.Providing consistent antenatal classes that are available to everyone at a minimum or no cost to the mothers along with follow-up care that is included for up to two years. It is grave for Australia and clinicians to get on board with breastfeeding. The adverse effects must b e talked about and collectively the country as medical professionals must come together and agree that the benefits of the man-made formulas are not even close to the long term benefits of a mothers milk. (Zaeeai, Obrien, Fallon, 2007).Australia, Iran and the rest of the world can and are making a difference in a little ones life. It is just a matter of taking on the responsibilities and educating the public on the benefits of breastfeeding and following through. Which in-turn increases the overall initiation and duration rates that make our world a better place to live and work for all and especially our babies References Breastfeeding answers from La Leche League. (Feb, 2007). La Leche League International. Retrieved March 27, 2010 from http//www. llli. org/nb. html. Murphy, S. , Mullally, A..(October, 2009). Breastfeeding lacks medical support. Irish Medical Times, 43(40), 10. Retrieved March 27, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Trade Industry. First-of-Its-Kind class Aims to Reduce Pri mary Barrier to Breastfeeding for Hourly and Lower-Wage Working Mothers. (February, 2009). U. S. Newswire. Retrieved March 27, 2010, from ProQuest Newsstand. Zaeeai, M. , Obrien, M. L. , Fallon, A. B. (2007). Creating a breastfeeding culture A comparison of breastfeeding practises in Australia and Iran. Breastfeeding Review, 15(2), 15-24. Retrieved on March 27, 2010.

Child Rearing in the Us and Colombia Essay Example for Free

Child Rearing in the Us and Colombia EssayEarly care-giving is a study factor for a child to feel secure to explore the world around them (Carbonell, Alzate, Bustamente Quiceno , 2002). How different is this previous(predicate) care-giving among two cultures such as the coupled States and Colombia? This is a look at the differences and similiaries of raising female childs, some(prenominal) born in 1988, in Colombia and the unify States. Both lady friends were raise in nuclear families, with one fourth-year sibling, close enough in age to be a major(ip) part of each(prenominal) girls quotidian life. One was elevated in Colombia, although she moved to the United States at the age of eleven, while the other was raised completely in the United States. Both parents of each girl were interviewed as well as the girl herself. The basic stepping stones, the times that parents love to videotape, the babys first moments all seem to happen relatively identically in both(pre nominal) girls. Self-reported by Paulina, was that she walked around the age of ten months. Similarly, Jane walked at the age of ten months. Both were around delayed in speech, enough so to be taken to doctors.In each case, the parents were told that the child would chat if the family stopped following the non-verbal directions from the child. Paulinas first words were eso, Spanish for that, and Ma. Janes first word was Ah-yah which was meant to be Alex, her brothers name. Paulina stood alone at the age of eight months (personal colloquy with subject), as did Jane (personal communication with subject). Punishment is something all parents must figure come forth. Hispanics head for the hills to mollify children and be more lenient (Figueroa-Moseley, Ramey, Keltner Lanzi, 2006).Hispanic parents lean to try to calm their child alternatively than work towards developmental goals, which tend to be more valued in the United States. Neither girl was punished in the form of groundin g, however both were warned with simple looks from their parents, such as glaring and both girls were yelled at as well. Corporal punishment was used for each girl as well. Paulina was smacked, and Jane was once in a while spanked. Jane would be sent to her room or made to sit in a chair as in a Time Out, however Paulina never experienced a Time Out and recollects that such a thing was not common in Colombia.Both girls were raised to speak their mind, and not face to be spoken to, as long as what was said was observeful. Questions were welcomed by both families, tho the girls were judge to know the time and place in which to ask questions. Each girl was also allowed to pick out her own clothes, which has been shown to be good for children, as children see it is important for them to make some of their own decisions, and describe with the choices (Ardila-Rey, Killen, 2001).Paulinas mother tried to teach her what matched, but eventually gave up trying when it, although Colombia n mothers tend to fuss about the outward appearance of their children (Carbonell et al, 2002). When asked what Jane would choose to wear, Janes mother replied, Anything that didnt match, although she, too, tried to teach her daughter matching. No major restrictions were set upon either girl, except to be respectful. Respect was emphasized in both situations. As respect was emphasized from child to adult, so was it shown from adult to child.Both children were kept informed of what was happening in the family. Children were judge to be a part of dinner conversation and were allowed to move into in the adults lives. Also, both children were given conclude behind decisions and had things explained? because I said so was used only when the situation would be later explained, and the consequences of an work on were described rather than a mere dont do it. Chores were a part of each girls life as well. Both were expected to do what was asked of them to friend around the house dustin g, vacuuming, clearing the table, etc.Jane was expected to help with dinner, which included getting food from the refrigerator, carrying things to the table, loading the dishwasher, setting the table, and occasionally stirring. Jane was given an allowance of approximately quin dollars a week, but this was never in exchange for doing her chores. Paulina, too, was not paid for doing her chores. She states, I was part of the family and therefrom I was expected to work in the house without some(prenominal) sort of reward (personal communication, April 10, 2007). Colombia tends to be a collective society that looks to the benefit of the group, rather than the individual (Pilgrim, Reuda-Riedle, 2002), which applies to this situation in that Paulina was expected to help agree the house in order, without ? payment because it was for the greater good of the family, being part of the group is an important aspects of a collective culture. Family relationships and interdependence? a common bond amidst family members, working together for the benefit of the family? tend to be much more emphasized in Hispanic cultures (Carbonell et al, 2002).A major part of any culture is food and dining, and children are a part of that. Children often lose some of their appetite between ages two and six, and because parents worry, bad food habits are put into place. Sugary foods are offered if a child finishes a meal, and many foods have vitamins and nutrients added. However iron, zinc, and calcium are seen to be deficient because juices and sodas are replacing milk, and cereals and polished foods replace fresh fruits and vegetables (Berger, 2006). It is also hard to maintain good eating habits during this age, because children often need meals to be just right. Children have very determined ideas for what should be eaten, how it should be eaten, and the entire situation surrounding the meal. ofttimes times the food required is not healthy food, but rather sugary or similar to fast-f ood, like chicken nuggets or French fries. Paulina ate dinner together with her family every night, generally at eight oclock, as is customary in Colombia. Her mother did most of the cooking, and after dinner, either her mom would not clean up, or her mother would, but with the help of her daughters, while her father did other household things.On weekends, most meals were eaten together. Breakfast was generally around ten oclock in the morning and lunch was around triple oclock in the afternoon. Very few times, her father would cook, although he cooks more now that they live in the United States. Food was as healthy and fresh as possible. Snacks were fresh fruits, and there were never packaged foods in the house. Jane would eat dinner with her family as well, often around seven oclock in the evening, when her father came home. She would eat eat and lunch with her brother until this was no longer possible because of discipline.Janes mother did most of the cooking, and the children were expected to help. Snacks were often wry cereal like Cheerios, apples, crackers, or cheese. Paulina started learning numbers and how to read and write at the age of four, when she went to preschool. The argue of how children should be taught to read can be broken into two sides phonetics and whole language (Berger, 2006). Phonetics looks at each sound of each letter, while whole language, encouraged by Piaget, says that concentrating on the goal of fluency and communication is more important than individual words (Berger, 2006).Jane also be a preschool at the age of four, but it was not as much structured, formal schooling. Both were taken to a part-day day-care or glasshouse school for the opportunity to socialize with other children. While at nursery school, Paulina was mostly made to play with toys. Jane attended a Co-op nursery school at a Unitarian Universalist church. In a Co-op nursery school parents take turns coming into the school to help supervise stations and pa rticipate in the nursery school experience.Stations were set up, such as a Reading Corner, Snacks, and a daily feature, such as tracing bodies on large sheets of paper or crafts. Co-op nursery schools are not typical in the United States, but Janes parents thought it was important to be tortuous with their children when possible and for their children to have the socialization experience. Both were read to everyday. Jane was read to a two to three times a day, for about fifteen minutes each time, but also had labels, signs, and anything printed read to her during everyday life.Jane was occasionally, but not often spoken to in indulge Talk, while Paulina was never spoken to in Baby Talk, as her parents thought speaking to her regularly would help her learn to understand. Both parents acknowledge that their children were not raised in a way that is typical to their individual cultures, and that is evident looking at the two girls in adolescence and early adulthood. Both girls realiz e that because their parents were stricter when they were young, that as the girls grew older their parents didnt need to be as strict.Each girl knew what was expected of her and was therefore given more freedom as she matured. Many times this appeared to friends as though the girl could do what she pleased, although this was not the case. The girls knew the limits of what they could do without being told. Both sets of parents relied more on their trust in their daughter than blatantly telling her what she could or could not do. Obviously, there are some differences and some similarities between raising children in Colombia versus the United States.Developmentally, the children seem to be similar, and most of the parenting is more alike than different. References Ardila-Rey, A. Killen, M. (2001). Middle differentiate Colombian childrens evaluations of personal, moral, and social-conventional interactions in the classroom. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 25 (3), 24 6-255 Berger, K. (2006). The Developing Person Through childhood and Adolescence (7th ed. ). New York Worth Publishers. Figueroa, C. , Ramey, C. , Keltner, B. , Lanzi, R. (2006).Variations in Latino Parenting Practices and Their Effects on Child Cognitive Developmental Outcomes. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 28, 102-114. Pilgram, C. Rueda-Riedle, A. (2002). The importance of social context in cross-cultural comparisions First graders in Colombia and the United States. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 163 (3), 283- 296. Posada, G. , Jacobs, A. , Richmond, M. , Carbonell, O. , Alzate, G. , Bustamante, M. , Quiceno, J. (2002). Maternal Caregiving and Infant Security in Two Cultures. Developmental Psychology, 38 (1), 67-78.

Recommendation - conclusion Essay Example for Free

Recommendation conclusion EssayThe factors and stimulants to the fast pabulum industry discussed in the paper have highlighted certain aspects in the company policies that need to be revised for better and useful brand positioning of binding Yard Burgers. The strategic changes recommended in the paper are summarized below put up awareness and brand recognition campaign using Fun logo that spells great time to the consumer segment. bellicose market campaign to promote consumer traffic using catchy slogans that appeals to the youngsters and children. Bright color scheme for the eating house interiors, uniform in pattern and layout across all handouts to ensure visibility and consumer retention. Spearheading changes in the restaurant operations integrating fast food service features with menu offerings of a extensive serviced restaurant. Event catering and household delivery concepts can be introduce to popularize the company products and services. Flexible offerings in price to gibe all levels of consumer segment. Regular adaptations to the menu notice to retain consumer interest. Introduction of healthier options in the menu card to cater to the health conscious consumers.Conclusion The rapid changes in the consumer behavior drive the fast food industry business. Rising incomes, and changes in the lifestyles of the people are the stimulants to this change in food culture. From traditional floor cooked meals to ready to eat over the counter burgers and sandwiches the eating habits of the Americans have changed drastically. Back Yard Burgers started with one outlet in the year 1987 and moved on to 183 outlets by the year 2007 the expansion is quite dramatic. But the succeeder story could have been even more dramatic if the company had followed a different operational strategy.The loopholes in their existing strategy is quite evident at this stage when the management realizes the potential that the company had to put out and conquer the fast food industry segment. But its not too late to make the indemnification and bring out the neat potential that the company has to overcome the stiff competition from market giants bid McDonalds, Wendys and Burger King. All that is required is a little foresightedness and a flexibility to adapt to the ever-changing market trends.References 1. Company website www. backyardburgers. com accessed on 11th Dec 2007 2.Eric Schlosser Rolling stone magazine (Sept 1998) Fast-food Nation The true cost of Americas Diet http//www. mcspotlight. org/media/press/rollingstone1. html accessed on 11th Dec 2007 3. Back Yard Burgers Inc. http//www. fundinguniverse. com/company-histories/Back-Yard-Burgers-Inc-Company-History. html accessed on 11th Dec 2007 4. Hayden Stewart, Noel Blisard, Sanjib Bhuyan, Rodolfo M. Nayga Jr. USDA The Demand For Food external From Home Full Service or Fast Food? http//www. ers. usda. gov/publications/aer829/aer829. pdf accessed on 12th Dec 2007 5.http//f inance. google. com/finance? q=NASDAQBYBI accessed on 12th Dec 2007 6. SEC reports from the company website 7. http//www. franchize. biz/franchise-information-whats-new. htm accessed on 11th Dec 2007 8. http//www. hoovers. com/fast-food-and-quickservice-restaurants/ID__269/free-ind-fr-profile-basic. xhtml accessed on 11th Dec 2007 9. http//www. nytimes. com/2006/04/19/business/19mcdonalds. html? _r=2pagewanted=2oref=sloginoref=slogin accessed on 12th Dec 2007 10. http//content. healthaffairs. org/cgi/content/full/22/6/207 accessed on 12th Dec 2007.

Epistemologies; Plato vs. Aristotle Essay Example for Free

Epistemologies Plato vs. Aristotle EssayPlato, the father of philosophy, was a rationalist. He was the first systematic metaphysician and epistemologist. He believed that we had innate knowledge a priori. So to him learning was tot everyy a matter of remembering. Plato believed that the ideal world existed beyond our own physical earth because according to him immovable could not be changing or imperfect. From his point of view what we see are only the fussys, the mimics of the literal thing, therefore, we start out to pull back from the world of peculiars and search in our own minds. Things like hardlyice or moral virtues do not exist in this world in a proper form. In Crito Meno we can clearly see these ideas. The essential argument in Crito is The Many vs. The One. Socrates says We shouldt make do all that much about what the populace will say of us, but about what the expert on matters justice and injustice will say, the individual authority, or Truth. With this phras e he is saying that we should never give in attention to the sentiment of the many but everlastingly find the one who knows because that is the only person whose opinion is valuable.And later on he goes on to say that if it is never good to do injustice indeed it is as well wrong to do injustice in response to injustice which is why he refuses to escape. In Meno we get more in depth into the idea of inborn knowledge. Meno starts with the question What is Virtue? but Meno always answers the question by giving examples of virtue instead of defining the word and going to the roots of what all those virtues have in common.Down in the world of items there are many kinds of virtues for example for the manlike its to run the state, female its to run the household but what is important, essential is the traits they both(prenominal) have in common temperance and justice. Socrates uses the dialectical method in order to get answers out of Meno and also clearly demonstrates this metho d on a slave of Meno to prove his theory about innate knowledge. level off though it can always be used, using the dialectical method is specifically significant when a person believes that we have innate knowledge, because if what we call learning is just remembering then teaching is just pulling out that knowledge, giving opportunities for that innate knowledge to spring forth. Aristotle on the other hand was an empiricist. He believed that we learned through our senses, by gathering knowledge from the world around us a posteriori.By exercise On the soul and Metaphysics we get a clear sense of Aristotles epistemology. Aristotle encourages embracing the particular in order to possibly gain a sense of the universal. According to Aristotle forms are the essence and when we approve form and matter we get human. The reading On the Soul discusses that the body and the soul is not one, that bundle allows us to absorb the world in very abstract ways and that memory is learning.In the r eading Metaphysics Aristotle sets forth causes for the explanation of change Substance (essence), Matter (or substratum), Source of change and the cause opposed to this. Plato and Aristotle both believed in a universal purpose but the ways in which they got to these universal purposes were very different. Plato was an idealist, he despised the physical whereas Aristotle was a scientist, he loved facts and commonsense.Aristotle would argue that we gain knowledge after deliver (a posteriori) but Plato would certainly disagree and say that we gain knowledge before experience (a priori). Plato believes that there is a world of ideas where ideas exist perfectly, the objects in our world are just mimics whereas Aristotle says that the ideas we perceive are inside the particular object. By saying that matter and form combined is what makes an individual Aristotle brings Platos Forms down from the heavens to concrete reality.

Fun Fair in Sat Hill Park Essay Example for Free

amusement Fair in Sat Hill Park EssayIt all started out unexpectedly. The storm began to bemuse worse, sounds of the storm roared the atmosphere, with rage. Everything felt like a blur. Fog spurred over the plains of the path, it was as if the path was aband peerlessd, because of silence that brought cries to to each one(a) to each soul. I could see the people getting ready, taking their places in line. Time was running, fast as an earthquake destroys land within arcseconds. It was coming to dawn, not waiting for a hold. It was as only one person was allowed to move and goes on hold as a mobile phone.Less than a second ,the storm stopped, happier faces came and they started to run as fast as a bull, hunting its prey. For a while, everyone was in a mind of their own , having fun and much more. But not for long.Out of no where came 3 men dolled up in black with faces hidden and bodies covered with leather jacket and jeans with trainers.They had the same clothes, it was like a uniform. thus ,one slice aimed the gun up highasking for attention but before we knew it it was aimed at the nearest person near him..The ground was scattered with body parts detached from the dead body hands, arms, feets and heads. Many started screaming many cried. But most of all whos in pain was the mother.She lost her son. all in all of a sudden, I had an urge of walking across the battlefield, screaming to us to be quiet or were dead .It was an awakening response, my heart was racing fast, as I slowly walked through the jaws of death. As I was walking I stopped, it got to a point where I couldt talk no more. I stood lock and froze in isolation and a thought, cropped up in my mind, though, I dont emergency to die and i dont emergency anymore to die. This thought was eating me inside, the sense of reality had been established, I knew this wasnt a dream. I didnt know what to do. I dont mind looking at dead flesh but i dont want to make life hard for my parents. I knew with out me, they are nothing.All I felt was loneliness and pain, as one day every living soul will bear such a punishment.Another one of them wanted to grab our attention again as everyones lost in their world.The young fellow aimed a bullet at dog. We could see its puppy dog eyes fainting in fear. Suddenly, someone else came and saved the day. The man who was ready to risk his life for all of us spoke for humanity. Asking them for what they want.The answer was nothing. They ran away as soon as a police car came pass.

History of Special Education Essay Example for Free

History of specific raising EssayIt was not until the middle decades of the eighteenth century that Europe turned, for the first time, towards the program line of persons with disabilities. The spirit of reform, crystallise in the philosophy and precepts of the European Enlightenment, created new vistas for disabled persons and the pioneers who ventured to teach them. Although special education emerged in a number of national contexts, France was the crucible where innovative pedagogies to assist those deafen, blind, and intellectually disabled emerged and flourished (Winzer, 1986). Following the French initiatives, movements to set aside services for those in the normative categories of deaf, blind, and intellectually disabled were contemporaneous in continental Europe, Britain, and North America. foregoing to the mid-eighteenth century, individual deviations were rarely tolerated and little was done for those who in some way disrupted the norms of a society. harm was n ot an innocuous boundary rather, it was a liability in kindly and economic participation.People sensed as disabled whatever the type or degree were lumped together under the broad variety of idiot, scorned as inferior beings and deprived of rights and privileges. This early period is replete with innumerable stories of healing, many an some opposite(prenominal) imbued with an Indeed, many special educators seem curiously disinterested in the foundations of the field historical knowledge is learned well-timed and unintentionally (Mostert Crockett, 19992000 Winzer, 2004).To some, history becomes increasingly selective, with the past made over to suit present intentions others speak to the escape of history (Renzaglia, Hutchins Lee, 1997, p. 361). At the corresponding time, some contemporaneous writers disparage earlier events, programmes, and pioneers in favour of contemporary models. Some point to fossilized traditions others hold that if todays inclusive movement embodi es the best ideals of social justice then the past, by extension, had to be unjust (Winzer, 2004).Implicit to this position is a steadfast un forgetingness to learn from the wisdom of the accumulated past. The middle decades of the eighteenth century witnessed the pervasive influence of the European Enlightenment. slice the intellectual project of the Enlightenment was to build a sound body of knowledge round the world, its add-on philosophy prompted ideas intimately the equality of all people and the human responsibility to take care of others, peculiarly individuals outside the private circle of the home and the family.Reform movements sprang up, aimed at the improvement of the well-being of groups of individuals, varying from pitiful people and slaves to prisoners, the insane, and disabled people. In France, the Abbe Michel Charles de lEpee (sign language) assimilated Enlightenment ideals of equality, as well as novel concepts about language and its development. He joined these to the sensationalist philosophy of John Locke and the French philosophers to promote innovative approaches to the education of deaf persons.If de lEpees doctrine promoting a silent language of the hands was not unprecedented, it was hitherto revolutionary in the context of the times. In devising and instructing through a language of signs, the Abbe gave notice that computer address was no longer the apex of instruction in the education of deaf persons. Simultaneously, he influenced and guided innovations for other groups with disabilities, specifically those blind, deaf blind, and intellectually disabled. Following de lEpees successful mission with deaf students, Valentin Hauy in 1782 initiated the instruction of blind persons using a raised print method.Somewhat later, in 1810, Edouard Seguin devised pedagogy for those considered to be mentally retarded. The French educational initiatives travelled the Atlantic to be adopted by pioneer educators in US and Canada. Rejection of French innovations did not imply that British advances were minor. On the contrary. Building on the prerogatives of earlier pioneers, teachers and clergy oft(prenominal) as Thomas Braidwood and John Townsend promoted education for deaf persons. Schemes to assist other groups soon followed.By the virtually of the eighteenth century in Europe and Britain, the instruction of disabled persons was no longer confined to discriminate cases or regarded merely as a subject of philosophic curiosity. Permanent facilities were established, staffed by a cubicle of teachers experimenting with novel and innovative pedagogical methods. The French endeavors formed the core of systems and methods adopted in the United States and much of British North America (Canada). In the latter, however, the Maritime provinces of Nova.Scotia and New Brunswick initially adopted British pedagogy (see Winzer, 1993). Founded on a humanitarian philosophy, evangelical commitment, and unbounded philanthropy, the y established from 1817 onwards a complex of institutions designed to cater to the unique needs of exceptional individuals. Pedro Ponce de Leon(1578) in Spain created the first documented experience about education of deaf children (from nobility) AbbeCharles Michel de lEpee(1760) in Paris created the Institutpour sourds(Institute for deaf) Louis Braille invented Braille script(1829).Pioneers in limited tuition Jean-Marc Itard pic DECS Order No. 1, s. 1997 Organization of A Regional SPED Unit and Designation of Regional supervisory program in-charge of peculiar(prenominal) Education -DECS Order No. 14, s. 1993 Regional Special Education Council -DECS Order No. 26, s. 1997 Institutionalizing of SPED Programs in All develops -DECS Order No. 5, s. 1998 Reclassification of Regular Teacher and Principal Items to Special Education Teacher and Special School Principal Items DECS Order No. 11, s. 2000 Recognized Special Education (SPED) Centers in the Philippines.-REPUBLIC ACT n ary(prenominal) 7277 AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE REHABILITATION, SELF DEVELOPMENT AND SELF-RELIANCE OF DISABLED PERSONS AND THEIR INTEGRATION INTO THE MAINSTREAM OF SOCIETY AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES http//www. deped. gov. ph/default. asp viper SPED teachers to sharpen tools in a national conference PASIG CITY Teachers and school administrators handling children with special culture needs are expected to further hone their skills during the 2013 national conference on Special Education (SPED) being put together by the Department of Education (DepEd).We are opening the conference to exoteric and private school teachers and administrators and other SPED service providers in line with our policy to continue to create a culture of inclusive education, said Education depository Br. Armin A. Luistro FSC. The conference aims to engage teachers and school administrators in the argueions of the evolving practices in handling SPED learners with the end-view of producing inclusive policies. Pre parations are now underway for the conference to be held in November in Iloilo which carries the etymon Special Education A Bridge to Inclusion. One of the conference highlights is the awarding of prizes to the winners of the Search for the Most big(p) Receiving Teachers, as well as Outstanding SPED Teachers and SPED Centers. The national finalists will be awarded certificates while the national winners will receive plaques of appreciation and cash prizes. The conference will also be a venue to discuss current trends, skills and practices on the management of inclusive education schools. We can also expect presentations on researches on inclusive education which others may adopt or adapt, added Luistro. The Philippines, as a signatory of the Salamanca Statement of proceeding on.Special Needs Education, recognizes the principle of equal educational opportunities for all children regardless of their physical, intellectual, social, emotional, linguistic or other conditions (Salamanc a Statement, 1994). This framework was adopted in the Philippines through the Department of Education Culture and Sports (now DepEd) Order no. 26 which institutionalized inclusive education. The order required the organization of at least one SPED center in each division and implementation of SPED programs in all school districts where there are students with special needs.Special education started in the Philippines in 1907 with the establishment of the parochial School for the Deaf and Blind. The school started with 92 deaf persons and one blind person. Today, DepEd serves 11 types of children with special needs in public schools. As of school social class 2006-2007, there were 162,858 students with special needs at the elementary level, 51% or 83,231 of whom are in the gifted program. The inhabiting 49 % were students with various disabilities such as hearing impairment, visual impairment, learning disability, mental retardation, fashion problem, autism, and cerebral palsy.Stu dents with learning disabilities comprise 25% of students with special needs. However, up to this date, many children with learning disabilities, mental retardation, and autism remain unidentified in public schools (DepEd, 2006a). The inclusion of children under these three categories of special cases were among the major concerns of the TEEP-SBM-Inclusive Education (IE) project. diachronic Foundation of Inclusive Education Based on the book of Teresita G. Inciong, Yolanda S. Quijano, Yolanda T. Capulong, Julieta A. Gregorio, and Adelaida C.Jines entitled Introduction To Special Education, it was during the socio-economic class of 1902 and under the American regime that the Filipino children with disabilities were given the chance to be educated. Mr. Fred Atkinson, General Superintendent of Education, proposed to the Secretary of Public Instruction that the children whom he found deaf and blind should be enrolled in school the like any other ordinary children. However, the countr ys special education program formally started on 1907. Mr. David Barrows, Director of Public Education, and Miss Delight Rice, an American educator, worked hard for this program to be possible.Mr. Barrows worked for the establishment of the Insular School for the Deaf and Blind in Manila and Miss Rice was the administrator and at the same time the teacher of that school. Today, the school for the Deaf is located at Harrison Street, Pasay City and the Philippine National School for the Blind is adjacent to it on Polo Road. During the year 1926, the Philippine Association for the Deaf (PAD) was composed of hearing damage members and special education specialists. The following year (1927), the Welfareville Childrens Village in Mandaluyong, Rizal was established. In 1936, Mrs.Maria Villa Francisco was plant as the first Filipino principal of the School for the Deaf and the Blind (SDB). In 1945, the National orthopedical Hospital loose its School for Crippled Children (NOHSCC) for y oung patients who had to be hospitalized for long periods of time. In 1949, the Quezon City science High School for gifted students was inaugurated and the Philippine Foundation for the Rehabilitation of the Disabled was organized. In 1950, PAD opened a school for children with hearing impairment.

Surveillance and the State Essay Example for Free

watchfulness and the evince EssayIntroductionThe UK is more and more sleep walking into a direction society1 to the extent that it has become an inescapable damp of life.2 Every sequence we make a tele telephone call, send an email, browse the internet, or even walk down our topical anesthetic gritty street, our actions may be monitored and recorded.3 The increasing prevalence of care has perhaps led to the plead macrocosm viewed by its citizens as the Big Brother of Orwellian fame. This essay intends to focus on the impact of authorities surveillance and data collection has upon the privacy of citizens and, as a consequence, their relationship with the state. To effectively answer this capitulum there demands to be an examination of the various chassiss of surveillance and data collection and whether they argon constitutionally proper or improper, intrusive or legal, and whether there should be limitations to the quantity of information collated.The advancement o f technology in the 21st century has enhanced the quantity and integrity of surveillance information which begs the question ar we as a nation too stupid to realise how intrusive the UKs surveillance regime is? Is a citizens liberty and privacy at stake with the effects of surveillance from both everyday and private sector? moreover is the legislation governing this issue sufficient in its application? entirely these matters will be addressed. However, as there argon so mevery forms of surveillance, there will be a particular emphasis on fortune surveillance and the utilise of CCTV and databases. The ask for a general belief in the importance of case-by-case freedom and executive accountability is undoubtedly a necessity to the success of a constitutional democracy.Understanding oversight and its Components.The term surveillance mint be in brief defined as watching over which indicates monitoring the doings of persons, objects, or systems.4 There are deuce broad types of surveillance, mass surveillance and targeted surveillance. Mass superintendence is not targeted on any particular idiosyncratic and gathers information for future use, further, it has the potential to erode privacy. Whereas targeted is directed at particular psyches. It ignore be carried show up under a conniving or overt means If it is carried out under a covert operation, it is important to note, that the citizen is unaware of the use of targeted surveillance, so therefore the relationship with the state is unaffected by the use of this type.However if in the event where there was un practice of lawful targeted surveillance and the individual was to become aware, the consequences dope be detrimental to the relationship between the citizen and the state. It is important to note that alongside the state there are non state agencies and organizations which also occupy an increasingly signifi orduret component of surveillance systems today. The case of Patton v Poole Borough council where, only aft(prenominal) the surveillance had been completed by the council on a family, were they made aware of this. The council believed they were acting in abidance with RIPA, and that it was prerequisite for the prevention and detection of crime and it was proportionate for determining the genuineness of information supplied by Ms Patton.5 The tribunal in this instance found the council was in breach of RIPA and did not act in unison with Article 8. In coming to this conclusion the court had to determine the issue of whether the actions carried out by the council was necessary for the prevention or detection of crime and was it proportionate to what sought to be achieved. The legislation governing oversight and the protection of citizens is outlined in the Data credentials measure Act 1998, Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000, the license of instruction Act 2000 and the 1995 European Data tribute Directive 95/46/EC. The Data Protection Act governs th e protection of person-to-person data however this act does not mention privacy of the individual. secretivenessThe need for privacy is fundamental in a high surveillance society such as the UK. retirement Internationals survey in 2007 which covered 47 countries indicated there had been in an increase in surveillance in the past year to the detriment of privacy galoshguards. 8 of these 47 countries were rated as organism enzootic surveillance societies which included the UK.6 The need to protect and facilitate the development of privacy of the citizen in order to husband healthy functioning of society is a necessity with the advancement of technology. Privacy is recognised as a fundamental right hand by various legal instruments,7 although Article 8(2) of the European Convention on humane effectives wins limitations.8 However in English law it is a known fact that there is no right to privacy, it has been suggested that privacy is of such importance to humanity that in the past it needed little formal protection.9 The high profile case of Kaye v Robertson10 illustrated the need for the right to privacy in the UK, where photographs of Gorden Kaye were published as he lay suffering from injuries in a car crash.GovernmentsThe political sciences evidence does not itself apologise how the collection of information helps in the pursuit of their objectives, or whether existing processing practices are proportionate to those objectives.11 The need for this may result in a conflict between the interests of the citizen and the aims of the state. Concerns were also raised about whether government agencies and other public bodies understood how the principles of necessity and proportionality operate in the context of privacy and limitations order out in article 8(2). In order to justify a an interference with article 8s stipulations, the state moldiness be able to show that it is acting lawfully and for a legalise aim and the interference is both necessary an d proportionate 12 (Hugh Tomlinson p 440)CCTV and how it relates to citizensA domicil Office dissect concluded that the CCTV schemes that have been assessed had little overall effect on crime levels.13 Critics further wall that mass intrusion into peoples movements may not be proportionate and a breach of their rights to privacy under the gentle Rights Act.14 On the roads, camera based restrictions of speed has increased from 300,000 in 1996 to over 2 cardinal in 2004 where an estimated 113 jillion in fines have been generated per annum.15 These statistics have not been welcomed by citizens and have received negative wring on the issue. However the overall increase in CCTV on the roads has no doubt contributed to a reduction in deaths and injuries. The state acknowledges how CCTV is valuable in preventing and detecting crime and the overall safety of society.Citizens can be reassured that they can go about their daily business with confidence, it gives members of the business community added security and sends a clear message to those engaged in crime or anti mixer behaviour that they will be caught and will be prosecuted.16 Further councillor Hazel Harding acknowledges how CCTV is popular with law durable members who see it as a preventative and feel much safer 17 agreeing with many members of society who believe, if you have nix to fear if you have nothing to hide. However the Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO) recognised the contribution of CCTV images is not recorded in a systematic manner.18 For example, the increased use of Automatic Number Plate Recognition, where cameras can read number plates and then check them against police databases to see if the cars are wanted for any reason, such as road tax, insurance and MOT. However this is not the only purpose of these cameras, every road substance abusers journeys are stored on a PSNI database for a minimum of two years regardless of the naturalness of the subjects.There are about 10 bi llion straightforward people movements stored on the UK database to participation. 15 million innocent peoples details are logged and stored everyday.19 The use of sophisticated data mining software product such as Northgate BOF 2.3, Advanced Data Miner is utilise by all police forces in the UK, which allows every journey a person makes to be tracked, traced, mapped and spied upon for the previous two years. Furthermore this is done without individuals consent. Furthermore to date, there has been no parliamentary debate nor legislation passed regulating its use. The system has no safeguards or unconditional scrutiny in place. The view that there is not and never can be justification for result and storing data information from innocent law abiding citizens by a government without the explicit allowance of the individual.On the other hand ANPR can be seen as an internationally recognised tool that can significantly reduce volume crime, provided the police use their ANPR system in a lawful, ethical and accountable manner for the purpose of preventing and detecting terrorism, serious crime, volume crime and road traffic offences.20 The question arises are the benefits of this outweighing the costs. Such technology enhances the notion that we are living in a surveillance society, others might argue that anything seen as aiding the police to catch murderers and combat crime is necessary.The information Commissioners Office, which advices organisations on the use of CCTV, says cameras must be reasonable and proportionate to maintain public assurance and must not breach the Data Protection Act.21 The Data Protection Act 1998 states that it should be clear from the outset that the purpose of the CCTV recording is to be stipulated and any subsequent deviation from that purpose constitutes a breach of the legislation. This can be applied to any form of information collation where it should only be used for the purpose it was originally intended.DatabasesThere is a need to gather and access personal information to support the delivery of personalised and better public serve fight crime and protect security reduce the burden on business and the citizen, and tackle social exclusion through early intervention.22 This quotation reflects on the acceptable intention of surveillance and is perceived as an indispensable tool in the day to day operation of social systems. Whereas once it was fairly safe to assume that personal records kept for purposes such as health, policing, social insurance, banking and driver licensing would be stored in comcheck bittively watertight containers, the computerization of these records means that they are readily amenable to different forms of integration. Given the immense repute dictated on personal data, both for commercial exploitation and for risk management, huge pressure is placed on these containers to yield their secrets in shareable ways..23 Surveillance in this context means focused attention to person al details aimed at exerting an influence over or managing the objects of data or data subjects as they are sometimes called.24 It can be considered an aiding instrument to organise. Under the Data Protection Act, bodies that are assemblage and collating data, be it health records, revenue information or even a school recording pupil information, are legally required to pay an annual fee of 35 to register with the Information Commissioner that they are collecting and storing such information. There is a two tier structure based on the organisations size and turnover, notification fees of 500 applies to data controllers with a turnover of over 25.9 million or employs over 250 members of staff.25 What is of name is who monitors how this information is organism used and how secure it is, or to put it other way, who watches the watchers? These questions concern the accountability of data collection. It is only when there is a breach of security that there is sentiency that not all b odies are compliant with the Commissioners requirements.These breaches tend to become of real public concern when they come to the attention of the media, affecting public relations with the governing bodies to the level of mistrust. For instance in celestial latitude 2007, it was revealed that a computer hard drive with the details of 3,000,000 UK learner drivers had gone missing in the regular army and that the details of 7,500 vehicles and their owner had been lost by the Driver and Vehicle Agency in Northern Ireland. in addition in DATE the junior officers of HMRC lost personal details of all families in the UK with a minor under 16.The corroborative of data collection this is in the combating of postiche. This can be considered as a law enforcement activity which uses data collection. Statistics have indicated that the use of this form of surveillance to combat fraud can be considered proportionate to combating its aims as success in respect of NHS savings of 189 million in 2005, the National fraud Initiative savings of 111 million in 2005-06, and 10 million saved in respect of check and plastic card fraud.26 Where revenue databases are concerned it is not unreasonable to assume that every individual is treated as a suspect. Innocent people are investigated. Here the question arises again, is the invasion of an individuals privacy necessary in order to prevent fraudulent claims?ConclusionIn conclusion, the advances in technology in this field have permeated our society resulting in the citizen subconsciously accepting surveillance as part of every day life. Surveillance data can be very powerful and can enable consumers to perform a wide range of functions, which can be perceived as part of the issue how wide should that use deviate from the initial intention before it can be deemed wildcat and ultimately exploitive. Among these functions include assessing banking information, health records, constructing consumer profiles in the name of facilitati ng efficient services, the topical issue of mobile phone calls, and sending and receiving electronic mail.27 It is important to realise that these same advantages can be considered a threat to certain(prenominal) aspects of society through misuse and mismanagement.There are two sides to this argument of proportionality. And no conclusive blanket(prenominal) solution.Perhaps we are due a sequel of George Orwells publication, possibly titled 2084. One wonders what premonitions would he postulate if he were here today.The introduction of CCTV was viewed as a tool to reduce the amount of crime. To date there is very little substantive research evidence to support this.28 Perhaps if the state were to provide more community policing on the streets of the UK this may be more productive. Further, a review carried out by the base of operations Office that looked at street lighting found a significant reduction in the levels of crime to the order of 20%.29The results from a YouGov Poll30 h ave indicated that 79% of people believe that Britain is increasingly being described as a surveillance society. And a further 66% do not trust governments of whatever political party to keep information on databases confidential. Although 97% agree to CCTV in banks and grammatical construction societies and a further 85% In my opinion the state wishes to control us absolutely, and to achieve this, it must know absolutely everything about us, every minute of our day.Surveillance Web the rise of visual surveillance in an English city BibliographyLegislationTextbooksGoold B and Neyland D, New Directions in Surveillance and Privacy (2009 Willan Publishing.) Haggerty K and Samatas M, Surveillance and Democracy, (2010 Routledge.) Hier S and Green J, The Surveillance Studies Reader, (2007 Open University Press) Mattelart A, The Globalization of Surveillance, (2010 Polity Press.) Barendt, Privacy as a constitutional Right and Value, (1997 Oxford University Press)JournalsTaylor N, State S urveillance and the Right to Privacy Surveillance and Society 1(1)66-85. Lyon D, Everyday Surveillance, personalized Data and social classifications Information Communication Society, (2002) Routledge. vol 5 issue 2,WebsitesPrivacy International Leading Surveillance Societies in the EU and the World Survey 2007 accessed 3 declination 2011.Nidirect Government Services, How is CCTV used in the Community, accessed 05 December 2011.http//www.bigbrotheriswatching.co.uk/http//www.ico.gov.uk/for_organisations/data_protection/notification/cost.aspx Information Commissioners Office website.Newspaper articlesR Ford, heed Rise of Big Brother State, warns data Watchdog The Times,16 rarified 2004. Sunday Times, A Camera network designed to catch criminals is being move on innocent motorists reports David Leppard. 4/4/2010. Philip Johnson, Home Affairs Editor, Your Life in their Lens, 02 November 2006 The Telegraph. Q A Birmingham Terrorist Cameras, 17 June 2010.YouGov/ free-and-easy Teleg raph, 28th- thirtieth November 2006.MiscellaneousSurveillance Citizens and the State Volume 1 Report House of Lords select committee on the Constitution 2nd Report of Session 2008-09.M Gill and A Spriggs Assessing the Impact of CCTV, London Home Office Research, Development and Statistics Directorie, 43, 60-61.Surveillance, Order and friendly ControlEnd of Award Report to the Economic and Social Research Council in respect of grant L210252023Clive NorrisDepartment of Social Policy, University of HullState Surveillance and the Right to PrivacyNick Taylor1Jane CliftRespondent and Slough Borough CouncilYour life in their lens the telegraph1 R Ford, Beware Rise of Big Brother State, warns data Watchdog The Times,16 August 2004. 2 Surveillance Citizens and the State Volume 1 Report House of Lords select committee on the Constitution 2nd Report of Session 2008-09 para 1. 3 Ibid.4 Ibid para 185 Patton v Poole Borough Council (2010) IPT/09/01/C) para 8. 6 Privacy International Leading Surv eillance Societies in the EU and the World Survey 2007 accessed 3December 2011. 7 See UN General Assembly, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 10 December 1948, Council of Europe, European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and fundamental freedoms, 4 November 1950, Directive 95/46/EC on the Protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and the free movement of such data. Privacy regulations aimed at governing how personal information is processed were introduced in the 1970s and 1980s.8 European Convention on Human Rights, Article 8(2) There shall be no interference by public authority with the put to work of this right except suchas is in accordance with the law and is necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security, public safety or the economic well being of the country. 9 Barendt, Privacy as a constitutional Right and Value, (Oxford University Press 1997) p 7. 10 Kaye v Robertson 1991 FSR 62.11 Surveillance Citiz ens and the State Report, (n2) at 69. 12 Surveillance Citizens and the State Report, (n2) at 127. 13 M Gill and A Spriggs Assessing the Impact of CCTV, London Home Office Research, Development and Statistics Directorie, 43, 60-61. 14 Sunday Times, A Camera network designed to catch criminals is being turned on innocent motorists reports David Leppard. 4/4/2010. 15 Philip Johnson, Home Affairs Editor, Your Life in their Lens, 02 November 2006 The Telegraph. 16Nidirect Government Services, How is CCTV used in the Community, accessed 05 December 2011. 17 Councillor Hazel Harding, Leader of Lancashire County Council and chair of the Local Government Association Safer Communities Board. 18 Surveillance Citizens and the State (n2) at 7419 http//www.bigbrotheriswatching.co.uk/20 Police Service of Northern Ireland, Policy Directive PD 01/08 PSNI ANPR Systems, 17 December 2007. 21 http//www.bbc.co.uk/news/10341867 Q A Birmingham Terrorist Cameras, 17 June 2010. 22 Ibid at p 21.23 Surveilla nce studies Reader Get in short loan lib24 D Lyon, Everyday Surveillance, Personal Data and social classifications Information Communication Society, vol 5 issue 2, (2002) Routledge. P 1. 25 http//www.ico.gov.uk/for_organisations/data_protection/notification/cost.aspx Information Commissioners Office website. 26 Surveillance state and citizens report.27 S Hier and J Green, The Surveillance Studies Reader, Open University Press, (2007) pg. 77. 28 R Armitage, To CCTV or not to CCTV (2002) Nacro, Crime and Social Policy Section 29 Ibid.30 YouGov/ Daily Telegraph, 28th- 30th November 2006.